终极一班2
Exxon Mobil doubles down on fossil fuels with $59.5 billion deal for Pioneer Natural_我的网站
一 | 今天，中国铁路官方介绍了全国首位女盾构机司机，她就是“95后”萌妹子杨涔，操作盾构机驰骋在百米深的海底。 Exxon Mobil is buying Pioneer Natural Resources in an all-stock deal valued at $59.5 billion, its largest buyout since acquiring Mobil two decades ago, creating a colossal fracking operator in West Texas. Including debt, Exxon is committing about $64.5 billion to the acquisition, leaving no doubt of the Texas energy company's commitment to fossil fuels as energy prices surge. Pioneer shareholders will receive 2.32 shares of Exxon for each Pioneer share they own.“I think fossil fuels, as the world looks to transition and find lower sources of affordable energy with lower emissions, fossil fuels oil and gas are going to continue to play a role over time,” Exxon Mobil CEO Darren Woods said during an interview with CNBC. “ That may diminish with time. The rate of that is, I think, not very clear at this stage. But it will be around for a long time.” Woods explained that Exxon and Pioneer will be able to use their combined capabilities to drive down emissions and produce lower carbon intensity oil and gas. Exxon purchased XTO Energy in 2009 for approximately $36 billion. In the late 1990s, the merger between Exxon and Mobil was valued around $80 billion.The deal with Pioneer Natural vastly expands Exxon's presence in the Permian basin, a massive oilfield that straddles the border between Texas and New Mexico. Drilling the Permian accounted for 18% of all U.S. natural gas production last year, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.Pioneer's more than 850,000 net acres in the Midland Basin will be combined with Exxon’s 570,000 net acres in the Delaware and Midland Basin, nearly contiguous fields that will allow the combined company to trim costs. That is a big driver of the deal. Natural gas rigs in operation have declined over 26% in the U.S. since the start of the year, according to government data, largely due to the rising costs for drilling materials and labor over the past two years. “Their tier-one acreage is highly contiguous, allowing for greater opportunities to deploy our technologies, delivering operating and capital efficiency as well as significantly increasing production,” Woods said of Pioneer in a prepared statement. The company will have an estimated 16 billion barrels of oil equivalent in the Permian.Once the deal closes, Exxon Permian production volume will more than double to 1.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, based on 2023 volumes. It's expected to climb to about 2 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2027. “The combination of ExxonMobil and Pioneer creates a diversified energy company with the largest footprint of high-return wells in the Permian Basin,” Pioneer CEO Scott Sheffield said in a prepared statement. Citi's Alastair Syme wrote that the transaction could provide multiple benefits to Exxon. “Across the industry, the logic of consolidation in the highly fragmented Permian shale remains compelling with significant gains to be achieved from economies of scale by minimizing facilities spend, optimizing drilling and reducing" general spending, Syme wrote. Exxon is flush with cash. The company posted unprecedented profits last year of $55.7 billion, breezing past its previous record of $45.22 billion in 2008 when oil prices hit record highs.Exxon Mobil Corp. has been using some of that cash on acquisitions. In July the company announced that it was buying pipeline operator Denbury in an all-stock deal valued at $4.9 billion.Pioneer Natural has been making similar maneuvers. In 2020 the company said it was buying Parsley Energy in an all-stock deal valued at approximately $4.5 billion. It then purchased DoublePoint Energy in a cash-and-stock deal worth about $6.4 billion in 2021.The boards of both companies have approved the transaction, which is expected to close in the first half of next year. It still needs approval from Pioneer shareholders. Shares of Exxon fell more than 4% in Wednesday morning trading.。她参与建造的是我国最深的海底隧道——珠江口隧道，深江高铁（深圳至江门）的全线控制性工程。水下最大埋深达115米，最大水压1.06兆帕，长距离穿越几十种复杂地层，这种难度的施工在全世界也数罕见。两台量身定制的国产盾构机“深江1号”“深江2号”犹如巨型“穿山甲”凿岩破壁。杨涔操作的就是“深江2号”，总长133米、总重约3900吨。
二 | 盾构机内部深长开阔，分布着众多精密线路，走入其中，仿佛置身一座机械城堡。驾驶室约15平方米，这里拥有200多个按钮、9块屏幕，还有各类通话器，闪烁的指示灯让人目不暇接。整个操作台分为推进系统和环流系统。据了解，盾构机长距离掘进后必须精准实现对接，犹如在大海中穿针引线，对盾构机掘进过程中的动态控制要求极为苛刻。
三 | 盾构机看起来巨大，却是缓缓前行，每分钟仅能推进几厘米。目前服役的大多数盾构机日均掘进约5至10米，而“深江2号”创下日掘进24米、单月最高纪录342米的好成绩。
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